NETWORKING

THIS is the inter-connectivity of systems from one geographical area to the other and from one part of the world to the other in order to share data between people.

Majorly data could have been transferred as it is being done in the past times, however, due to longevity in time and stress it do take to complete this, it however easy to transfer data via wire (less), within seconds and even nano.

Meanwhile, these could be executed majorly through a particular platform, which is your/my PC, besides Phones in communication technology.

here are some devices/component or materials needed before a network could be accomplished:

* PC

* Cables

* Hubs

* Routers

* Airway/SATs

* Firewall

* Installers

and many others

When all these are available, it is now left for the networker to determine which TOPOLOGY should be induced.

WHAT IS TOPOLOGY?

In computer networking, topology refers to the layout of connected devices. This article introduces the standard topologies of networking.

TOPOLOGY IN NETWORK DESIGN

Think of a topology as a network's virtual shape or structure. This shape does not necessarily correspond to the actual physical layout of the devices on the network. For example, the computers on a home LAN may be arranged in a circle in a family room, but it would be highly unlikely to find a ring topology there.

Network topologies are categorized into the following basic types:

bus

ring

star

tree

mesh

More complex networks can be built as hybrids of two or more of the above basic topologies.

Bus Topology

Bus networks (not to be confused with the system bus of a computer) use a common backbone to connect all devices. A single cable, the backbone functions as a shared communication medium that devices attach or tap into with an interface connector. A device wanting to communicate with another device on the network sends a broadcast message onto the wire that all other devices see, but only the intended recipient actually accepts and processes the message.

Ethernet bus topologies are relatively easy to install and don't require much cabling compared to the alternatives. 10Base-2 ("ThinNet") and 10Base-5 ("ThickNet") both were popular Ethernet cabling options many years ago for bus topologies. However, bus networks work best with a limited number of devices. If more than a few dozen computers are added to a network bus, performance problems will likely result. In addition, if the backbone cable fails, the entire network effectively becomes unusable.

RING TOPOLOGY

In a ring network, every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. All messages travel through a ring in the same direction (either "clockwise" or "counterclockwise"). A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and can take down the entire network.

  To implement a ring network, one typically uses FDDI, SONET, or Token Ring technology. Ring topologies are found in some office buildings or school campuses.

STAR TOPOLOGY

Many home networks use the star topology. A star network features a central connection point called a "hub" that may be a hub, switch or router. Devices typically connect to the hub with Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet.

Compared to the bus topology, a star network generally requires more cable, but a failure in any star network cable will only take down one computer's network access and not the entire LAN. (If the hub fails, however, the entire network also fails.)

TREE TOPOLOGY

Tree topologies integrate multiple star topologies together onto a bus. In its simplest form, only hub devices connect directly to the tree bus, and each hub functions as the "root" of a tree of devices. This bus/star hybrid approach supports future expandability of the network much better than a bus (limited in the number of devices due to the broadcast traffic it generates) or a star (limited by the number of hub connection points) alone.

MESH TOPOLOGY

Mesh topologies involve the concept of routes. Unlike each of the previous topologies, messages sent on a mesh network can take any of several possible paths from source to destination. (Recall that even in a ring, although two cable paths exist, messages can only travel in one direction.) Some WANs, most notably the Internet, employ mesh routing.

A mesh network in which every device connects to every other is called a full mesh. As shown in the illustration below, partial mesh networks also exist in which some devices connect only indirectly to others.

SUMMARY

Topologies remain an important part of network design theory. You can probably build a home or small business computer network without understanding the difference between a bus design and a star design, but becoming familiar with the standard topologies gives you a better understanding of important networking concepts like hubs, broadcasts, and routes. …………. Please, kindly send in your comment if have found this article resourceful, Thanks

Make money with your Blog

Make money with your Blog



Here's no doubt that the topic about making money with a blog is very extensive, all of which is made more complex by the huge number of people expressing their own opinions.


I will give my own opinion but I will do it in such a way that it is concise and easy to understand. Of course, there will be sections which I will not cover in depth but rest assured because I will cover them in the future on this very blog.


The one thing I want to make very clear before I start to talk about the topic of blogging is the following:






Blogging is just a vehicle to making money online.


The reason why I say this is that 99% of people do not make a full time living directly from their blogs. Of course, there is that small 1% which end up doing so but that’s the tiny minority. Most people online use blogs as a tool to make money online. I’m not stopping you from trying to be that 1% which makes a full time income solely from a blog, however, it is far easier and more lucrative (financially) to use blogging as just a vehicle to making money online. And it’s a very powerful vehicle if used correctly.






Why Blog?


The number one reason why you should blog is because the search engines (especially Google) love them!


And the reason why they love them is because blogs tend to have the freshest and most up to date content on the Web. Search engines thrive on relevancy and indexing new and fresh content is up there.


As a consequence, blogging has the power to help you get high rankings for target keywords as long as you've done your on page SEO correctly.






Content Is King


Because the search engines love indexing new and fresh content on blogs, it is suffice to say that content is king!


You have to continuously add new content to your blog, whether it be daily, weekly or fortnightly. The more often the better, however, keep it to a maximum of 1 new post per day.


If you want to see the benefits of posting new content frequently, take a look at Problogger. It was started by Australian Darren Rowse back in 2002 and he has posted something new everyday since. In the process, he makes a full time living from his blog as well as being the biggest blogger in Australia and one of the biggest in the world.






This should be enough to show you the power of blogging.


You Pitch, You Lose


I have to point out that posting new content does NOT refer to finding a new product to promote and blatantly pitching it on a blog post.






That’s not what blogging is about.


Blogging is all about giving visitors useful and interesting content about a certain topic so that they return to your blog for more in the future.


Blatantly pitching a product is just going to turn visitors (and potential future customers) away. And given that they barely know you, what chances are there that they will buy from you right away? Ask yourself: would you buy something from a person you've only just met?






The best way to make money with a blog is by using your blog as a medium through which online visitors can get to know you and what you are about. Use a blog to build rapport and trust with them.






Building a List


In the previous section, I did not say that you shouldn’t promote your products or services on a blog. In fact, you should and I encourage it. However, it has to be dome in an intelligent.






This is where you need to use list building.


You should use your blog to build a list of subscribers or, in other words, a list of people interested in what you are all about. This involves grabbing people’s first names and email addresses using what is commonly called an opt in form. However, you have to give them something enticing in return for their details.






Here are a couple of ideas:


- access to a weekly newsletter


- a free video


- a free report


- a free ebook


- a free audio recording






Once people enter your list, then you can start sending them information about your products and services and potentially make sales and get customers.






The Key To Making Money With A Blog


At the end of the day, the key to a powerful money making blog is great regular content. Think about it this way.


The better and more regular your content is, the higher your blog will rank in the search engines. And the higher your rankings, the more traffic your blog will get. And the more traffic it gets, the more people opt into your list. And the more people that join your list, the more sales and customers you can make.






It couldn’t get any simpler!


To conclude, I would like to say that if you could not understand some of the terminology used and topics covered in this post, don’t worry. As I said at the beginning, I will covering them in greater detail in the future. The most important thing is you understand the general concept around how to make money with a blog.